Detailed Answer

(a)

        
            sum = 0

            for row from 0 TO 7
                for col from 0 TO 5
                    sum = sum + X[row][col]
                end for
            end for

            return "Sum of all integers: " + sum

(b)

        

            sum = 0
            count = 0

            for row from 0 TO 7
                for col from 0 TO 5
                    sum = sum + X[row][col]
                    count = count + 1
                end for
            end for

            average = sum / count

            return "Average of all integers: " + average

Detailed Answer

(a) A queue follows the First In, First Out (FIFO) principle, ensuring that the first patient to check in is the first one to be processed. This guarantees fairness in the order of check-ins and prevents newer patients from skipping ahead. Using a queue maintains an organized and predictable system.

(b) A stack follows the Last In, First Out (LIFO) principle, meaning the last patient to check in would be processed first. This is unfair to earlier patients, as newer arrivals would be treated before those who have been waiting longer. In real-world scenarios like hospital queues, a FIFO structure (queue) ensures fairness.

(c)

NUM	SUM	Output
5
4
3
2
1
	1
2	3
3	6
4	10
5	15	15

(d) A recursive function relies on the concept of function calls being stored in a call stack. Each recursive call pushes a new function instance onto the stack. When a base case is reached, the function calls are popped from the stack in reverse order.

Detailed Answer

(a)

    COUNT = 0
    FOR i FROM 0 TO 749
        IF EMPLOYEES[i][2] = "Finance" THEN
            COUNT = COUNT + 1
        ENDIF
    ENDFOR
    OUTPUT "Number of employees in Finance: ", COUNT

(b)

    FOR i FROM 0 TO 749 DO
        IF EMPLOYEES[i][3] = "Manager" AND EMPLOYEES[i][5] = "New York" THEN
            OUTPUT EMPLOYEES[i][1], EMPLOYEES[i][0]
            OUTPUT EMPLOYEES[i][3]
            OUTPUT EMPLOYEES[i][2]
            OUTPUT EMPLOYEES[i][4]
            OUTPUT EMPLOYEES[i][5]
            OUTPUT EMPLOYEES[i][6]
        ENDIF
    ENDFOR

(c)

Create a new node with data field "Smith" and a pointer field.
Start searching from the head of the list (Anderson).
Find the correct location for "Smith" (it should be inserted after "Daniels").
Set the pointer in the new node (Smith) to the pointer in "Daniels" (which currently points to "Thompson").
Update the pointer in "Daniels" to point to "Smith".

Question 1

[Maximum mark: 7]

Consider a 2D array called X which has 8 rows and 6 columns, which is filled with random integers from 0 to 10. The sample of the array looks as follows:

2	3	7	0	1	9
1	5	9	4	3	2
9	0	4	6	2	4
.	.	.	.	.	.
.	.	.	.	.	.
7	7	6	9	0	3

a) Using pseudocode, find the sum of all integers in this array.

b) Modify your answer to part (a) and find the average of all those integers.

Answers and Explanations

Explanation

Question 2

[Maximum mark: 3]

Draw a balanced binary tree that would display the following output when traversed using postorder traversal:

Blue, Red, Yellow, Black, Orange, Green, White

Answers and Explanations

Explanation

Question 3

[Maximum mark: 3]

State the output when the following tree is traversed using inorder traversal:

Answers and Explanations

Explanation

Question 4

[Maximum mark: 14]

A hospital uses a queue to manage patient check-ins efficiently.

a) Outline why a queue is the appropriate data structure for managing patient check-ins.

b) Explain why a stack is not appropriate for managing patient check-ins.

The sum of the first \( n \) naturla numbers, denoted as \( S(n) = 1 + 2 + ... + n \), can be calculated using a stack. The following algorithm demonstrates how a stack may be used for this computation:

            
                NUM = 5
                loop while NUM > 0
                    stack.push(NUM)
                    NUM = NUM - 1
                end loop
                SUM = 0
                loop while not stack.isEmpty()
                    NUM = stack.pop()
                    SUM = SUM + NUM
                end loop
                output SUM

c) Complete the trace table for the given algorithm when NUM = 5.

NUM	SUM	Output
5

d) Show how stacks may be used in the implementation of a recursive function.

Answers and Explanations

Explanation

Question 5

[Maximum mark: 2]

State two charactirsics of a queue.

Answers and Explanations

Explanation

Question 6

[Maximum mark: 3]

Explain the functionality of the isEmpty() method which is used when creating an algorithm using stacks as data structures.

Answers and Explanations

Explanation

Question 7

[Maximum mark: 12]

Consider a 2D array called EMPLOYEES that stores details about employees in a company. Each row represents an employee, and each column represents a specific field. The fields currently in use are:

LASTNAME
FIRSTNAME
DEPARTMENT
JOB_TITLE
OFFICE
CITY
EMPLOYEE_ID

The company database currently holds 750 employee records.

a) Write pseudocode to count how many employees work in the "Finance" department and display the result.

b) Construct an algorithm to generate employee ID badges for all employees with the job title "Manager" who work in the New York office. The badge format should be:

        FIRSTNAME LASTNAME
        JOB_TITLE
        DEPARTMENT
        OFFICE
        CITY
        EMPLOYEE_ID

In a singly linked list, each node contains a reference to the next node but not the previous one. The list currently contains the following last names in alphabetical order: Anderson → Blake → Carter → Daniels → Thompson.

c) Explain the process of inserting "Smith" in the correct position, including the traversal steps and how pointer adjustments are made.

Answers and Explanations

Explanation

Anonymous

Abstract Data Structures

Detailed Answer

sum = 0 for row from 0 TO 7 for col from 0 TO 5 sum = sum + X[row][col] end for end for return "Sum of all integers: " + sum

sum = 0 count = 0 for row from 0 TO 7 for col from 0 TO 5 sum = sum + X[row][col] count = count + 1 end for end for average = sum / count return "Average of all integers: " + average

Detailed Answer

Detailed Answer

Detailed Answer

Detailed Answer

Detailed Answer

Detailed Answer

COUNT = 0 FOR i FROM 0 TO 749 IF EMPLOYEES[i][2] = "Finance" THEN COUNT = COUNT + 1 ENDIF ENDFOR OUTPUT "Number of employees in Finance: ", COUNT

FOR i FROM 0 TO 749 DO IF EMPLOYEES[i][3] = "Manager" AND EMPLOYEES[i][5] = "New York" THEN OUTPUT EMPLOYEES[i][1], EMPLOYEES[i][0] OUTPUT EMPLOYEES[i][3] OUTPUT EMPLOYEES[i][2] OUTPUT EMPLOYEES[i][4] OUTPUT EMPLOYEES[i][5] OUTPUT EMPLOYEES[i][6] ENDIF ENDFOR

Question 1

[Maximum mark: 7]

Consider a 2D array called X which has 8 rows and 6 columns, which is filled with random integers from 0 to 10. The sample of the array looks as follows:

a) Using pseudocode, find the sum of all integers in this array.

b) Modify your answer to part (a) and find the average of all those integers.

Answers and Explanations

Question 2

[Maximum mark: 3]

Draw a balanced binary tree that would display the following output when traversed using postorder traversal:

Blue, Red, Yellow, Black, Orange, Green, White

Answers and Explanations

Question 3

[Maximum mark: 3]

State the output when the following tree is traversed using inorder traversal:

Answers and Explanations

Question 4

[Maximum mark: 14]

A hospital uses a queue to manage patient check-ins efficiently.

a) Outline why a queue is the appropriate data structure for managing patient check-ins.

b) Explain why a stack is not appropriate for managing patient check-ins.

The sum of the first \( n \) naturla numbers, denoted as \( S(n) = 1 + 2 + ... + n \), can be calculated using a stack. The following algorithm demonstrates how a stack may be used for this computation:

NUM = 5 loop while NUM > 0 stack.push(NUM) NUM = NUM - 1 end loop SUM = 0 loop while not stack.isEmpty() NUM = stack.pop() SUM = SUM + NUM end loop output SUM

c) Complete the trace table for the given algorithm when NUM = 5.

d) Show how stacks may be used in the implementation of a recursive function.

Answers and Explanations

Question 5

[Maximum mark: 2]

State two charactirsics of a queue.

Answers and Explanations

Question 6

[Maximum mark: 3]

Explain the functionality of the isEmpty() method which is used when creating an algorithm using stacks as data structures.

Answers and Explanations

Question 7

[Maximum mark: 12]

Consider a 2D array called EMPLOYEES that stores details about employees in a company. Each row represents an employee, and each column represents a specific field. The fields currently in use are:

The company database currently holds 750 employee records.

a) Write pseudocode to count how many employees work in the "Finance" department and display the result.

b) Construct an algorithm to generate employee ID badges for all employees with the job title "Manager" who work in the New York office. The badge format should be:

FIRSTNAME LASTNAME JOB_TITLE DEPARTMENT OFFICE CITY EMPLOYEE_ID

In a singly linked list, each node contains a reference to the next node but not the previous one. The list currently contains the following last names in alphabetical order: Anderson → Blake → Carter → Daniels → Thompson.

c) Explain the process of inserting "Smith" in the correct position, including the traversal steps and how pointer adjustments are made.

Answers and Explanations

`sum = 0 for row from 0 TO 7 for col from 0 TO 5 sum = sum + X[row][col] end for end for return "Sum of all integers: " + sum`

`sum = 0 count = 0 for row from 0 TO 7 for col from 0 TO 5 sum = sum + X[row][col] count = count + 1 end for end for average = sum / count return "Average of all integers: " + average`

`NUM = 5 loop while NUM > 0 stack.push(NUM) NUM = NUM - 1 end loop SUM = 0 loop while not stack.isEmpty() NUM = stack.pop() SUM = SUM + NUM end loop output SUM`