Biology SL Questionbank

Unity & Diversity

Water

Polarity, hydrogen bonding, cohesion, adhesion, [universal] solvent, specific heat.
Nucleic Acids

Nucleotide, phosphate‑sugar backbone, base pairing (A–T/U, C–G), antiparallel, double helix.
Cell Structure

Prokaryote, eukaryote, organelles, structure.
Diversity of Organisms

Species, variation, genome, karyotype, binomial nomenclature.
Evolution and Speciation

natural selection, reproductive isolation, adaptive radiation.
Conservation of Biodiversity

Diversity, endemic vs. invasive species, conservation strategies, EDGE program.

Form & Function

Carbohydrates & Lipids

Monosaccharide, glycosidic bond, triglyceride, phospholipid.
Proteins

Amino acid, peptide bond, structure levels, denaturation.
Membranes and Membrane Transport

Fluid mosaic, diffusion, osmosis, active transport, facilitated diffusion.
Organelles and Compartmentalization

Compartmentalization, organelles, rER vs. sER, golgi.
Cell Specialization

Stem cell potency, SA:V ratio, adaptations.

Gas Exchange

Gas exchange, lung volume, Bohr shift,, alveoli, diffusion gradient.
Transport

Heart, capillary, transpiration, stems, roots, translocation.
Adaptation to Environment

Biome, abiotic, physiological/anatomical/behavioral adaptation.
Ecological Niches

Niches, competition, photosynthesis, nutrition, adaptations.

Interaction & Interdependence

Enzymes and Metabolism

Activation energy, catalyst, inhibition (competitive/non).
Cell Respiration

Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain, ATP.
Photosynthesis

Photolysis, light-dependent, Calvin cycle, chromatography.
Neural Signaling

Neuron, action potential, synapse, neurotransmitter, pain.
Integration of Body Systems

CNS, endocrine system, feedback mechanisms, circadian rhythm.
Defence Against Disease

Antigen, antibody, B/T lymphocyte, vaccination, pathogen, HIV.
Population and Communities

Population dynamics, chi-squared testing, species, competition.
Transfer of Energy and Matter

Food web, trophic level, energy transfer, carbon fixation, autotrophs vs. heterotrophs.


Continuity & Change

DNA Replication

Semiconservative model, helicase, DNA polymerase, Okazaki fragments.

Protein Synthesis

Transcription, translation, introns, exons, codon, anti-codon.
Mutations and Gene Editing

Point base mutation, CRISPR, genetic variations.
Cell and Nuclear Division

Mitosis, meiosis, trisomy-21, tumor, cyclins, homologous chromosomes.

Water Potential

Solute potential, osmosis, contractile vacuoles.
Reproduction

Sexual vs. asexual, gametogenesis, fertilization.
Inheritance

Allele, genotype, phenotype, punnet squares, PKU, pedigree.
Homeostasis

Homeostasis, negative vs. positive feedback, osmoregulation, thermoregulation, excretion.
Natural Selection

Variation, heritable traits, fitness, adaptation, selective pressure.
Stability and Change

Succession, equilibrium, eutrophication, sustainability.
Climate Change

Global warming, greenhouse effect, anthropogenic impact, mitigation.